Library Homepage: The Mackey Family History Project: Research Resources

About the Family: Primary Sources

Berea Connections for Ada G, Albert, Allena D., David I., Joella, and Maud Mackey
From:

BEREA CONNECTIONS:
An Encyclopedia of Genealogy and Local History Related to Berea, Kentucky from 1854 to 1900 by Richard Sears

Details about how the following Mackey family members are connected to Berea:
Ada G., Albert, Allena D., David I., Joella, and Maud
Mackey Family History
The genealogical research document, researched and written by Stephanie Blanchette
Maude Mackey Marries
The newspaper announcement of Maude Mackey's marriage
Sampson Mackey
Announcement of Sampson Mackey's promotion

Access to Work: Background Information

Online Reference Sources:

Passing
Sollors, Werner. "Passing." Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History. Ed. Colin A. Palmer. 2nd ed. Vol. 4. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2006. 1732-1737. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 14 Dec. 2015.
Passing
Boi, Paola. "Passing." Encyclopedia of Race and Racism. Ed. Patrick L. Mason. 2nd ed. Vol. 3. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2013. 295-300. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 14 Dec. 2015.
Migration, African American
"After 1865, with slavery abolished, white supremacy continued to reign in the South...Ninety-two percent of the black people in America lived in the South in 1865, and 95 percent of them were poor, unschooled, abused, and exploited rural farmers. They were denied social equality, land, education, and voting rights...These vicious and unequal circumstances prompted black people to search for a better life and vote "with their feet" against their mistreatment."

citation:
Whitaker, Matthew. "Migration, African American." Dictionary of American History. Ed. Stanley I. Kutler. 3rd ed. Vol. 5. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2003. 369-371. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 8 Sept. 2015.
Hair and Beauty Culture in the United States
"Barbering, in particular, was an occupation that provided crucial economic support for many black men... Barbering was also a preferred occupation for free blacks in the South."

citation:
Spencer, Robyn. "Hair and Beauty Culture in the United States." Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History. Ed. Colin A. Palmer. 2nd ed. Vol. 3. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2006. 969-973. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 8 Sept. 2015.

Access to Education: Background Information

Print Reference Resources

"Freedmen's Bureau". In Kleber, John E. (ed.) The Kentucky Encyclopedia. Lexington, Ky: University Press of Kentucky, 1992. Print.
"Freedmen's Schools". In Kleber, John E. (ed.) The Kentucky Encyclopedia. Lexington, Ky: University Press of Kentucky, 1992. Print.
Sears, Richard. "Berea College". In Kleber, John (ed.) The Kentucky Encyclopedia. Lexington, Ky: University Press of Kentucky, 1992. Print.

Online Reference Sources:

Education of the Freedmen
"Prior to the abolition of slavery, there was no system of formal education for African American slaves, nor for free blacks...Throughout the South, slaves were not permitted to learn to read or write, to possess paper or writing instruments, or to own books of any kind, regardless of ability to read them. Any form of education for slaves, beyond what was specifically necessary in order to perform their duties, was expressly forbidden and punishable by law. "

Citation:
Anonymous. "Education of the Freedmen." Social Policy: Essential Primary Sources. Ed. K. Lee Lerner, Brenda Wilmoth Lerner, and Adrienne Wilmoth Lerner. Detroit: Gale, 2006. 108-110. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 8 Sept. 2015.
Howard University
Bhan, Esme. "Howard University." Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History. Ed. Colin A. Palmer. 2nd ed. Vol. 3. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2006. 1071-1075. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 15 Sept. 2015
Normal Schools
Myers, Nathan R. "Normal Schools." Encyclopedia of Educational Reform and Dissent. Ed. Thomas C. Hunt, et al. Vol. 2. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Reference, 2010. 669-670. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 15 Sept. 2015.
Oberlin College
"Despite a post-Reconstruction retreat from racial egalitarian principle, at Oberlin in the late nineteenth century, one-third of all African American graduates of predominantly white colleges before 1900 were Oberlin alumni. "

citation:
Lasser, Carol. "Oberlin College." Dictionary of American History. Ed. Stanley I. Kutler. 3rd ed. Vol. 6. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2003. 152. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 9 Sept. 2015.

Slavery, Manumission, and Emancipation: Background Information

Online Reference Sources:

Manumission
"Slave purchases were often made by relatives who wanted to free their spouse. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, manumission societies, run mainly by Quakers in the South, purchased slaves and either manumitted them outright or kept them nominally as bondsman but compensated them for their labor. Literate slaves tried to raise money to purchase their spouses by appealing to Northern antislavery publications."

Citation:
Dehler, Gregory J. "Manumission." Encyclopedia of African American History. Ed. Leslie M. Alexander and Walter C. Rucker. Vol. 2. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2010. 475-476. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 9 Sept. 2015.
Slavery: Overview
Hudson, Larry E., Jr. "Slavery: Overview." Encyclopedia of the New American Nation. Ed. Paul Finkelman. Vol. 3. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2006. 183-189. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 12 Jan. 2016.