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Warren: L&I 100 (fall 2025)

What is an Annotated Bibliography?

 

An annotated bibliography is a list of citations to books, articles, and documents. Each citation is followed by a brief descriptive and evaluative paragraph, the annotation. The purpose of the annotation is to inform the reader of the relevance, accuracy, and quality of the sources cited.

Annotations VS. Abstracts

Abstracts are the purely descriptive summaries often found at the beginning of scholarly journal articles or in periodical indexes. Annotations are descriptive and critical; they may describe the author's point of view, authority, or clarity and appropriateness of expression.

The Process

Creating an annotated bibliography calls for the application of a variety of intellectual skills: concise exposition, succinct analysis, and informed library research.
 

First, locate and record citations to books, periodicals, and documents that may contain useful information and ideas on your topic. Briefly examine and review the actual items. Then choose those works that provide a variety of perspectives on your topic.
 

Cite the book, article, or document using the appropriate style.
 

Write a concise annotation that summarizes the central theme and scope of the book or article.

Creating the Annotation

A typical annotation should include these three components:
 

  1. Summary: Describe the source's main ideas, arguments, and purpose. Explain the thesis and the evidence used to support it.

  2. Evaluation: Assess the source's authority, quality, and potential biases. Consider the author's expertise and the publisher's reputation.

  3. Reflection: Explain how the source is relevant to your research. Describe its usefulness and how you plan to use it to support your argument. 

Sample Annotation in MLA

Porter, Max. Grief is the Thing with Feathers. Graywolf Press, 2015.


In Grief is the Thing with Feathers, Porter explores a father’s grief following the unexpected and tragic death of his wife. Porter’s novel tackles the mundane, the exciting, the colorful, and the greyscale of grief from a poetic angle. As the point of view (POV) switches between a widower, his sons, and this obscure anthropomorphic Crow, readers see volatile and vulnerable moments of guilt, discomfort, sorrow, growth, and love. Rather than giving each son their own POV, Porter presents them as one unit, which makes their perspective on grief beautifully warped and inconsistent. The Crow’s POV is exceptionally notable. As a manifestation of grief’s obscurities, the Crow’s voice often weaves between clear advice and cryptic blabbering.

Porter has a refreshing and contemporary take on writing about grief. It’s a mix of prose and poetry, which helps emphasize the fluid yet unpredictable grieving process. The POV switches quite frequently, as each section lasts about two or three pages. This dynamism allows the reader to not get stuck on one person’s grief for too long, showing the interconnected experience of grieving as a family. This novel is a great example of unique strategies for writing about complex emotions. He satirizes a commonly cliché-ridden experience. Many aspects of this novel, specifically the Crow’s POV, could demonstrate new perspectives and tactics for writing about grief.

Gift yourself a source!

This class session should aid you in completing your assignment.

All of the time spent looking through potential sources will not be in vain!

What are you going to do?



1. Open up your email

2. Address an email to me (Amanda Peach, email address: peacha@berea.edu) 
                         AND
    to You (your name/email address)

3. The subject line should say "source for L&I 100"

4. Include a permalink to a source

5. Include the citation in MLA format (our databases include citation generators)

6. Hit "send"!
    
 

 

Guide Attribution

Some of the content for this guide page was created by:

Olin Library Reference
Research & Learning Services
Cornell University Library
Ithaca, NY, USA

We have received permission from Olin Library Reference to reproduce it and adapt the content for our own use.